Berne, Switzerland,, And, Egypt..?..

BEARS, AND, BEAR ,SHAMANISM, HAS, BEEN, ON, MY, MIND, FOR QUITE, SOME, TIME..

CELTIC BEAR ,MUSIC, ALBUM COVERS?..AND, 'ARTEMIS', THE ROMAN 'GODDESS'..?

BUT, THERE, ARE, NO BEARS, IN,EGYPT? ARE, THERE?..

WELL, MAYBE, IN, A MYTHOLOGIC, SENSE...?

'COPT', IS , AN, OLD WORD, FOR, 'EGYPTIAN'...HENCE, 'COPTIC CHRISTIANS', ETC..

I, WAS READING, ABOUT, THE HISTORY, OF, ST MORITZ...IN ,SWITZERLAND...

Saint Maurice (also Moritz, Morris, or Mauritius) was the leader of the legendary Roman Theban Legion in the 3rd century, and one of the favorite and most widely venerated saints of that group. He was the patron saint of several professions, locales, and kingdoms. He is also a highly revered saint in the Oriental Orthodox churches.

[Wikipedia]

Biography

Maurice was born in AD 250 in Thebes, an ancient city in Egypt near the site of the Aswan Dam. He was brought up in the region of Thebes (Luxor—Egypt) and became a soldier in the Roman army. He was gradually promoted until he became the leader of the Theban legion, formed of 6600 soldiers.^[4] Maurice was an acknowledged Christian at a time when the Church was considered to be a threat to the crumbling Roman Empire. Yet, he moved easily in the pagan society of his day.^[5]

According to the hagiographical material, the legion, entirely composed of Christians, had been called from Thebes in Egypt to Gaul to assistMaximian to defeat a revolt by the bagaudae.^[3] The Theban Legion was dispatched with orders to clear the St. Bernard Pass across Mt. Blanc. Before going into battle, they were instructed to offer sacrifices to the pagan gods and pay homage to the emperor.^[5]

However, when Maximian ordered them to harass some local Christians, they refused and Maximian ordered the unit to be punished. Every tenth soldier was killed, a military punishment known as decimation. More orders followed, they still refused, partly because of Maurice's encouragement, and a second decimation was ordered. In response to their refusal to use violence against fellow Christians, Maximian ordered all the remaining members of the 6,600 unit to be executed. The place in Switzerland where this occurred, known as Agaunum, is now Saint Maurice-en-Valais, site of the Abbey of Saint Maurice-en-Valais.

So reads the earliest account of their martyrdom, contained in the public letter Eucherius, bishop of Lyon (c. 434–450), addressed to his fellow bishop Salvius. Alternate versions^{[citation needed]} have the legion refusing Maximian's orders only after discovering a town they had just destroyed had been inhabited by innocent Christians, or that the emperor had them executed when they refused to sacrifice to the Roman gods.

Counterarguments

One of the strongest arguments against the story is the fact the Romans did not execute entire legions for insubordination.^[6] Decimation had not been used to discipline a Roman legion for centuries: the previous documented execution of this sentence was in the reign of Galba, who ordered this done to a formation of marines that Nero had formed into a legion, and who demanded an eagle and standards. The monastic accounts themselves do not specifically state that all the soldiers were collectively executed; an eleventh-century monk named Otto of Freising wrote that most of the legionaries escaped, and only some were executed.^[6] It's possible that the legion was simply re-organized during Diocletian's re-organization of units (breaking up legions of 6000 men to create smaller units of 1000), and that some of the soldiers had been executed, and that this was where the story of the legion's destruction originated from.^[6]

Henri Leclercq suggests that it is quite possible that an incident at Agaunum may have had to do not with a legion, but with a simple vexillatio.^[7]

Further, the military staunchly followed Isis or Mithras (Sol Invictus), until Constantine's time at the earliest, making it unlikely they filled an entire legion.

Some^[who?] suggest that the statement that the entire legion was Christian was a pious fabrication by Theodore, bishop of Octodurum, sometime between 388 and 394, whom Eucherius, bishop of Lyon, cites as his source for this story, to encourage his contemporary Christians serving in the Roman army to ignore the orders of their pagan superiors and instead side with the Church. This view is not accepted by Church historians, who assert the authenticity of the account. If it was a later fabrication, by Eucherius himself, its dissemination was certainly successful in drawing pilgrims to the abbey at Agaunum. That institution was created ex nihilo from 515 onwards by Sigismund, the first Catholic king of the Burgundians. The abbey was unique in its time as the creation of a king working in concord with bishops, rather than an organic development that occurred round the central figure of a holy monk.

[WIKIPEDIA]

STRANGE...EGYPTIAN ,ROMAN SOLDIERS, IN, SWITZERLAND?...

The etymology of the name Bern is uncertain. Local legend has it that Berchtold V, Duke of Zähringen, the founder of the city of Bern, vowed to name the city after the first animal he met on the hunt; as this turned out to be a bear, the city had both its name and its heraldic beast. However, the connection between Bern and Bär (bear) is a folk etymology.^[1] It has long been considered likely that the city was named after the Italian city of Verona, which at the time was known as Bern inMiddle High German.

The Bern zinc tablet, which was found in the 1980s, indicates that the former oppidum′s possible Celtic name Brenodor was still known in Roman times. Since that time, it has been supposed that Bern may be a corruption (folk etymological re-interpretation) of the older, similar-sounding Celtic name. 

The etymology of the Celtic name may have involved the word *berna “cleft”.

In the late medieval period, Berne was very strongly identified with its heraldic animal, which was used as an allegory of the military and feudal power of the canton within the Old Swiss Confederacy. The Bernese citizen-soldiers were depicted as armed bears, and from at least the 16th century also referred to as mötz, motzlin, a dialectal word for "bear". This term became Mutzin the modern language, and was in the 19th century applied to the city or canton (as a political or military power) itself.

 The City of Berne was also jestingly referred to as Mutzopolis.

[This Article, is, for, any, 'Mutz', Out there...!]

BEAR SHAMANS, IN,EASTERN EUROPE, WOULD, SACRIFICE[CRUELLY,MURDER]..

INNOCENT BEARS.

THIS, IS, WHY, I, HAVE, NO, TIME, OR, SYMPATHY, FOR, THEM.

BEARS ,ARE, PEOPLE, TOO.

EVERYONE, SHOULD ,TRY, A BEARHUG......!

THE 'GREAT BEAR', OR, 'CARLESVAGEN'....