The Fisher King [Part 5, the Root Etymols]

So far, So good. I, have, established, some, background information, about, this, intrigueing, Tale, of Knighthood.

When, first reading, this, Mediaeval, Tale, it, is, easy, to forget, the Age, described!

NO Television!
NO Radio!
NO Computers!
NO Newspapers/Magazines!
NO Travel networks/Railroads!

Add, to this, an 'Agricultural', Populace , who, were, largely, illiterate.

  A ,lack ,of, understanding, of , 'Philosophy', even, the Clergy ,were largely,...- Illiterate!
Superstitions, Prejudices, A Fertile, Ground, for, Ignorance, and, Malice

And ,it, is, not, hard to envisage, the Power Motif, inherent, in, the Story, and, the effect, this Tale, would have ,on, the imagination ,of, any Reader!, or, Listener!

The [easily overlooked] ,'Power Motif', is, the, very, word, 'King'.[Le Roi]

It ,is, a Story, about, a King. This, must, always ,be remembered.

The very notion, of ,'King-Ship', is [Metaphorically]echoed, in, the, 'Two kings in a 'boat', [Ship], which, We meet ,with, right, at the beginning, of ,the Tale.

We, assume, They, are 'Fishing'. So, no doubt, envisage, a 'Fishing Rod?...., But, We, must remember! It, is a, 'Fast Flowing', River, [Power Symbol].

Would, it, not, make more sense? for, Them, to, be, using, a Net? They ,would ,still ,be Fishing.......

The Great Preponderance, of, Biblical, Imagery, in, the Tale, reflect, the, only ,source, of ,knowledge available, to, the majority, of, the Mediaeval Audience.

In, the, 'castle', the King, ...'Sips, His Wine, and, Eats , only, Small Morsels ,of, Bread..'

[BREAD=MANA,ETC, OR,BREAD AND WINE='TRANSMUTATION', IN, CATHOLICISM, ETC..THE 'KING',REPRESENTS, THE 'RELIGIOUS FUNCTION', OF, THE PSYCHE-THE AUTHOR, IS ,TRYING, TO, 'CONNECT',WITH, HIS ,OWN, SOUL, OR, 'ANIMA']

Whilst, all around, copious, amounts of, Food, and Drink, are, paraded [Cornucopia Symbolism]....' etc

No Question, is, ever ,asked, hence, the Fisher King, is not, 'Healed'.

 [Reminiscent, of a New Testament, Roman Soldiers'[to ,Jesus] Oration? ..Only ,say the Word, and, I ,shall be, healed...etc etc]

Psalm 107:20 He sent forth his word and healed them; he rescued them from the grave.

Matthew 8:7 Jesus said to him, "I will go and heal him."

Matthew 8:9 For I myself am a man under authority, with soldiers under me. I tell this one, 'Go,' and he goes; and that one, 'Come,' and he comes. I say to my servant, 'Do this,' and he does it."

So, What Question, Could, be asked? [OF, THE 'ANIMA']

How about, ........' How, did, You, injure, Your-Self ?'

and ,...   ' Why, did, You, do, it ?'

Because the Tale, is, from, a very, Deep Level, of, 'Consciousness'/Imagination, It ,has, assumed a 'Numinosity'.[Carries, an ,Unconscious, 'Transcendent', Message]

This, has, led, successive, Writers, to embellish, the Story, with, Their, own, 'Royal' ,Symbolism.[Knights, Round Tables etc, all ,of ,which, have, Their, ASTRAL/ Psycho-logic, Tnterpretations, a-la- Freud, and, His, 'Via Regis'.-'ROYAL ROAD'].

Modern Mythologists, have, traced, Root Etymols, to ,'Astral Phenomena'.

Lets, take, a look!

http://www.dibonsmith.com/constel.htm


Andromeda Antlia
The Air Pump
Apus
Bird of Paradise
Aquarius
Water Carrier
Aquila
The Eagle

Ara
The Altar
Aries
The Ram
Auriga
The Charioteer
Boötes
The Herdsman
Caelum
The Chisel

Camelopardalis
The Giraffe
Cancer
The Crab
Canes Venatici
Hunting Dogs
Canis Major
The Greater Dog
Canis Minor
The Lesser Dog

Capricornus
The Goat-Fish
Carina
The Keel
Cassiopeia Centaurus
The Centaur
Cepheus
Cetus
The Whale
Chamaeleon Circinus
The Drafting Compass
Columba
The Dove
Coma Berenices
Berenice's Hair

Corona Australis
Southern Crown
Corona Borealis
Northern Crown
Corvus
The Crow
Crater
The Goblet
Crux
Southern Cross

Cygnus
The Swan
Delphinus
The Dolphin
Dorado
The Goldfish
Draco
The Dragon
Equuleus
The Little Horse

Eridanus
The River
Fornax
The Furnace
Gemini
The Twins
Grus
The Crane
Hercules
Horologium
The Pendulum Clock
Hydra
The Water Serpent
Hydrus
The Lesser Water Snake
Indus
The Indian
Lacerta
The Lizard

Leo
The Lion
Leo Minor
The Lesser Lion
Lepus
The Hare
Libra
The Scales
Lupus
The Wolf

Lynx Lyra
The Lyre
Mensa
The Table Mountain
Microscopium
The Microscope
Monoceros
The Unicorn

Musca
The Fly
Norma
The Level
Octans
The Octant
Ophiuchus
Serpent Holder
Orion
The Hunter

Pavo
The Peacock
Pegasus
The Winged Horse
Perseus Phoenix
The Phoenix
Pictor
The Painter's Easel

Pisces
The Fish
Piscis Austrinus
The Southern Fish
Puppis
The Stern
Pyxis
The Compass
Reticulum
The Reticle

Sagitta
The Arrow
Sagittarius
The Archer
Scorpius
The Scorpion
Sculptor
The Sculptor
Scutum
The Shield

Serpens
The Serpent
Sextans
The Sextant
Taurus
The Bull
Telescopium
The Telescope
Triangulum
The Triangle

Triangulum Australe
Southern Triangle
Tucana
The Toucan
Ursa Major
The Great Bear
Ursa Minor
The Lesser Bear
Vela
The Sails

Virgo
The Virgin
Volans
The Flying Fish
Vulpecula
The Fox





Oh, Look! there's one called,the, 'Cup!',[Crater]
HydraCorvusCrater.
http://www.constellationsofwords.com/Constellations/Crater.html

A crater is a circular depression created by the impact of some body; an asteroid or comet or meteorite. A volcanic crater is a circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity.
Crater, the Cup, is often considered a part of the threefold constellation; Hydra, Corvus and Crater. It relates to the myth [Ovid's Fasti, 2.243-66] that Apollo sent a Raven (Corvus) to fetch water in the god's cup (Crater). The raven got back late because he waited at a fig tree for figs to ripen before returning. He brought back a Water-snake (Hydra), along with the water-filled cup (Crater), and told Apollo that the Hydra had caused the delay. Apollo was not deceived by the lie and placed the Raven (Corvus), the cup (Crater), and the Water-snake (Hydra) among the stars, where the Water-snake guards the water from the thirsty Raven.
The word Crater comes from the Indo-European root *kere-1 'To mix, confuse, cook'. Derivatives: uproar (from Middle Low German hror, motion), rare² (cooked just a short time, from Old English hrer), idiosyncrasy, acrasia (Greek akrasia, a-, 'not' + kerannunai, 'to mix'; 'bad mixture', excess; intemperance), dyscrasia (any disease condition, especially in hematology, as in 'blood dyscrasias.' The term 'dyscrasia' was borrowed from the Greek meaning 'a bad mixture' referring to imbalance between the four humors which caused disease [1]), crater (from Greek krater, mixing vessel). [Pokorny kere- 582. Watkins]

According to Christian legend, the Holy Grail was the dish, plate, or cup used by Jesus at the Last Supper, said to possess miraculous powers [2].

 The word grail is believed to be related to Crater, grail is from Old French graal, grael, from Medieval Latin gradalis, 'cup, platter', from Vulgar Latin *cratalis, from *cratus, 'a mixing bowl', from Latin crater, from Greek krater. [Klein, Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary]

"Manilius described Crater as 'gratus Iaccho Crater' (Iaccho is Roman Bacchus, who is identified with Greek Dionysus and may be Orion), so using the mystic, poetical name often applied to Bacchus" (Allen, Star Names):

"The Bacchic feast of intoxication was, however sensual in later performance, a token of the legitimate and blessed ecstasy of the soul upon partaking of the heavenly wine.

 The vine and the mixing bowl were constellated as celestial symbols, the latter as the cluster called the Crater (Latin: bowl) or the Goblet, the sacramental cup or grail.

 The juice of the grape was the blood of Horus or Osiris, in the Egyptian Eucharist"

 [The Lost Light, Alvin Boyd Kuhn].
 
The grail, the Holy Chalice, the Cauldron, according to medieval legend is the platter used by Jesus at the Last Supper, and contained the blood of Jesus Christ turned into wine, from Old French graal, grael, from Medieval Latin gradalis, ultimately from Latin crater.

In Old French, san graal, or san greal, means 'Holy Grail', literally meaning 'sanctified grail'.
"According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, after the cycle of Grail romances was well established, late medieval writers came up with a false etymology for sangreal an alternate name for 'Holy Grail'.

 In Old French, san graal or san greal means 'Holy Grail' and sang real means 'royal blood' [real means royal]; later writers played on this pun. Since then, 'Sangreal' is sometimes employed to lend a medievalizing air in referring to the Holy Grail" [3].

Blood in Latin is called sanguis. Centuries before the Medieval times Isidore saw a relationship between sanguis, blood and sanctus:

"Holy (sanctus), so called from an ancient custom, because those who wished to be purified would be touched by the blood (sanguis) of a sacrificial victim, and from this they received the name of holy ones (sanctus).” [p.228.]

"A sanctum is so called from the blood (sanguis) of sacrificial victims, for among the ancients nothing was called holy (sanctus) except what had been consecrated and sprinkled with the blood of a sacrifice. Again sanctum, what is known to have been sanctified (sancire, ppl. sancitum).

 Moreover to sanction (sancire) is to confirm, and to defend from wrong by imposing punishment.
Thus both laws and city walls are said to be holy (sanctus)”

 [p.309.] [The Etymologies of Isidore of Seville, 7th century AD]

Wine (vinum) is so called because a drink of it speedily replenishes the veins (vena) with blood"  [The Etymologies of Isidore of Seville, 7th century AD, p.397.]

Greek krater is a mixing vessel, from kerannunai, 'to mix'. Blood consists of several types of cells suspended in a fluid medium known as plasma.
A certain man named Cerasus mixed wine with the river Achelous in Aetolia, and from this 'to mix' is called kerasai. http://www.theoi.com/Text/HyginusFabulae5.html
 
From Catholic Encyclopedia (1913) on The Holy Grail:
"The meaning of the word [Grail] has also been variously explained. The generally accepted meaning is that is given by the Cistercian chronicler Helinandus (d. about 1230), who, under the date of about 717,

 mentions of a vision, shown to a hermit concerning the dish used by Our Lord at the Last Supper, and about which the hermit then wrote a Latin book called 'Gradale.' "Now in French," so Helinandus informs us, "Gradalis or Gradale means a dish (scutella), wide and somewhat deep, in which costly viands are wont to be served to the rich in degrees (gradatim), one morsel after another in different rows.

In popular speech it is also called 'greal' because it is pleasant (grata) and acceptable to him eating therein" etc.

The medieval Latin word 'gradale' because in Old French 'graal,' or 'greal,' or 'greel,' whence the English 'grail.'

 Others derive the word from 'garalis' or from 'cratalis' (crater, a mixing bowl). It certainly means a dish, the derivation from 'grata' in the latter part of the passage cited above or from 'agréer' (to please) in the French romances is secondary".

Helinandus says "Gradalis or Gradale means a dish, wide and somewhat deep, in which costly viands are wont to be served to the rich in degrees (gradatim), one morsel after another in different rows".

 Greek krater is translated, 'mixing vessel', with the meaning 'to mix, confuse, cook'.

An element in a mixture is called an ingredient. These words come from the Indo-European root *ghredh- 'To walk, go'. Derivatives: gressorial, aggress, congress, degression, digress, egress, ingredient, ingress, introgression, pinnigrade, plantigrade, progress, regress, retrograde, retrogress, tardigrade, transgress, (these words from Latin gradi, past participle gressus, to walk, go), aggression, gradient, grade, gradual, graduate, gree, centigrade, degrade, degree, (these words from Latin gradus, step, stage, degree, rank).

[Pokorny ghredh- 456. Watkins] 

The word 'grail' has another meaning; 'book for use of the choir' which according to Klein is from "Old French grael, from Medieval Latin gradale, a collateral form of graduale. See gradual".

In Thrice-Greatest Hermes, Vol. 1 "The Crater was the Cup in which the Creator mixed the Elements of the World-Soul; for we read in Timæus (41 D), where Plato is treating of the formation of human souls: "

“Thus spake He, and once again into the Cup [Crater] which He had used in blending and mingling the Soul of the Universe, He poured the remains of the Elements He had employed, and mingled them in much the same manner; they were not, however, pure as before, but in the second and third degree.”

"In popular speech it is also called 'greal' because it is pleasant (grata) and acceptable to him eating therein" [6]. Manilius described the constellation as 'gratus Iaccho Crater'. Latin grata and gratus comes from the Indo-European root *gwere-3 'To favor'.

Derivatives: grace, gracious, grateful, gratify, gratis, gratitude, gratuitous, gratuity, agree, congratulate, disgrace, ingrate, ingratiate, maugre (notwithstanding; in spite of, from Latin gratus), bard¹ ('he who makes praises' from Celtic bardo-, bard), engrail (indented along the edge with small curves in heraldry, en- + gresle, slender, tapered, from Latin gracilis). [Pokorny 4. gwer(e)- 478. Watkins]


Gracilis muscle; originates from the lower edge of pubic bone and is inserted into the upper part of the tibia, flexes knee and hip and medially rotates the thigh and tibia (rotates them inwards).

The Greek Graces were three sisters who have the power to grant charm, happiness, and beauty.

 [the 'Three Graces', on, Liverpool Waterfront.....]

"The authors of the Vulgate Cycle used the Grail as a symbol of divine grace. ... the Grail is a symbol of God's grace, available to all but only fully realized by those who prepare themselves spiritually, like the saintly Galahad.... [7]

Known in the East as 'kundalini', and in the West as 'Grace' [8]

A maar is a volcanic crater lake of explosive origin that is often filled with water. This term comes direct from German for one of the craters or crater-lakes of the Eifel district in Germany where the type occurrence is located. Its generic meaning is any low-relief volcanic crater which does not lie in a cone, was formed by single or multiple explosive events, and is usually occupied by a lake [9].

Whoever derives hence his birth and character [from the constellation Crater] will be attracted by the well-watered meadows of the countryside, the rivers, and the lakes [Manilius, Astronomica 1st century AD, p.318]. [inde trahit quicumque genus moresque, sequetur irriguos ruris campos amnesque lacusque]

The word maar comes from Latin mare (meaning sea), which gives us the words marine, maritime. As no Indo-European root-word exists for sea, except for their word *mori, which is thought to represent a small body of water, it is theorized that the Indo-Europeans originated in a land-locked region.
The Indo-European navigated these small bodies of water in ships [10], hence the word maritime, meaning marine shipping or navigation. These words come from the Indo-European root *mori- 'Body of water; lake (?), sea (?)'.

Derivatives: mere² (small lake, pond, or marsh), mermaid (from Old English mere, sea, lake, pond), marram (beach grass), meerschaum (sepiolite, or a tobacco pipe with a bowl made of this mineral), meerkat (a small, burrowing mammal, Suricata suricatta, related to the mongoose, from Middle Dutch meer, sea), marsh (from Old English mersc, merisc), morass (from Old French maresc, mareis, marsh, water-logged land), -maar, maar (a volcanic crater that is often filled with water), mare² (the large dark areas on the moon or Mars or on other planets), marinara (a sauce), marine, maritime, cormorant (sea-raven, shag), mariculture (cultivation of marine organisms in their natural habitats).

 [Pokorny mori- 748. Watkins]

  Merlin, a wizard in the Arthurian legend, the enchanter, his name is thought to derive from Mori-genos, 'born from the sea'. [Latin mare, meaning 'the sea', is a homophone of English mare, a female horse]. The name Muriel, is believed to be related to Latin mare and translated 'sea bright'.

Klein sees the word moor, 'waste ground', as a cognate with *mori-, moor comes from the Indo-European root *ma-3 'Damp'. Derivatives: moor2 (swampy land, from Old English mor, marsh, wilderness, from Germanic *mora-), emanate (ex-manare, from Latin manare, to flow, trickle).

 [Pokorny 2. ma- 693. Watkins]

Crater, the Cup, is often considered a part of the threefold constellation Hydra, Corvus and Crater. Latins had the title Emansor for adjacent Corvus, related to the word emanate, from Latin ex + manare, to flow out, relating to the story of Apollo sending out the raven with a cup to fetch water.

Apollo sent out (emanare) the Raven (Corvus) with a cup (Crater) to fetch water (Hydra, from Indo-European root *wed-1, water).

The remaining Astrological influences given by Manilius for Crater:

"He will sow corn among the grapes and will adopt any other of the countless forms of cultivation that exist throughout the world as the conditions of the district will require. "He will drink without stint the wine he has produced and enjoy in person the well earned fruits of his labors; neat wine will incite him to jollity, when he will drown all seriousness in his cups.
Nor only on the soil will he stake his hopes for paying his yearly vows he will also go in pursuit of the grain tax (become a tax collector), and of those wares (papyrus, for example, or sponges) especially which are nourished by moisture or to which water clings.

Such are the men to be fashioned by the Bowl, lover of all that is wet".

[Manilius, Astronomica, 1st century AD, book 5, p.318-321].
© Anne Wright 2008.

Note; 'Gracilis Muscle' is located in the 'Groin Area' , and the 'wounded King', is wounded where?
so, perhaps, the 'wound', is simply, a lack of, or fall, from, Grace.

The Knights Quest, then, is, a Variant, of, the 'Archetypal Journey', so often ,encountered, in, Literature.

The 'King', is, the 'Self', The Knight, is, the 'Ego', and, a Split, or, Schism, has occurred,  in, the Mind ,of, the Author,
Chretien, has had, a, 'Nervous Breakdown', conversely, 'God', ie, the, 'Self-Imago', is, demanding attention!

The obvious Astro-correlate, in, the Etymology, [always, an indicator of an encounter with, 'Self'], shows clearly, the workings, of, a, 'split', Ego.
The 'Self', constantly thwarts, the 'Ego', despite, the Knights ,best intentions,

 the 'King', will allow no dialogue!..

However, the, 'Numinous Content', has, been, seen.......This always changes, reciprocally, the 'Attitude', of the 'Ego'.

The Question, that, the Knight , should, have, asked, is, tantalisingly, obvious,

'Why, are, You Fishing?',and, what?, do ,You, expect, to Catch?

[Something, echoed? , in, the Teachings, of ,the, Nazarene, Rabbi, Jesus,- who, wanted, His, Disciples, to become, 'Fishers of Men'.]

The Net, too, has, its, Astro-Correlate!

Reticulum Rhomboidalis

the Rhomboidal Net



In science Reticulae is the term used for reptilian scales. The reticulae have been shown to be identical to crocodilian scales both in composition and their location on the DNA strand [4].
In Egyptian mythology, Neith (also known as Nit, Net and Neit, her name might ultimately be related to our word Net) was pictured as a woman nursing a baby crocodile, and she was titled Nurse of Crocodiles. She was also viewed as the mother of Sobek, the crocodile god (sob-; crocodile tears; lizards were the first to evolve tear-ducts). "Neith took up the shuttle, strung the sky on her loom, and wove the world. She then wove nets and from the primordial waters pulled up living creatures, men and women among them" [5].


“A hair-net (reticulum) is what gathers the hair, so named because it 'holds hair' (retinere crines), so that it is not loose. [Translator's note: Isidore may tacitly refer to the word rete, 'net,' as a basis of the etymology.] [The Etymologies of Isidore of Seville, 7th century AD, p.391.]

http://www.constellationsofwords.com/Constellations/Reticulum.htm

Also, it ,is, interesting, to note, that ,the word , 'MESSIAH', is ,derived, from?


The Messa=One, who, is ,anointed !..... [with Crocodile fat!, Egyptian Origins, etc]

Even, in ,Mediaeval Times, Reptile/Avian DNA, was, surfacing, in ,Works, of ,Art....

Wide Rivers?   LOOK, AGAIN, AT ,THE LIST ABOVE! RE;'ERIDANUS'=THE RIVER,

A little, too much, to, go, into, here, Re;Symbolism, bu,t suffice, to say, Melville's, 'Confidence Man',  travelled, aboard, the 'Fidele',
Down, through, the 'Heart' ,of, America ,[Past many, 'Egyptian -Named, Towns! Memphis, etc].... and Many, subsequent, Books/Movies, show, a similar, Theme..
Apocalyse Now? etc etc.

But ,as, for Me?, I ,will ,follow, the Lord. By, the Rivers of Babylon, or, by, the River Mersey? Not, too ,many People, are, aware, that,Liverpool, has, it's, own, River Jordan.....

[but, just ,You, try ,and find it! without ,a Guide!hahahaha!]
River Deep, Mountain High.

So,the 'Net', is ,thrown ,into, the 'River', of, the, 'Unconscious'.....and ,catches, Us! the Readers,the 'Fish', in it's, Mesh! the,'Reticulum',

So , watch out, for, this Word! or, look out, for, a 'Hair-Net!', as, it, always, indicates...
an encounter, with, 'Self'.
[People, in, an, 'Identification' , usually, become, 'obsessive', about? Hair!, or, Hair-Loss!..This, is, Why, Barbers/Hair, were, 'Identified', with, 'Healers', in, Ancient Times....Melville's, 'Confidence Man'..includes, a 'Barber Conversation!,that, has, to be,One of, the Funniest ever..]



And so, I, leave off, Part 5 ........

No, surprise then? that this Tale, embodies, So, many, 'Archetypal'.... Themes?'

I ,think not! 

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